Interventional urologic procedures - Laser ablation of ectopic ureters and laser-lithotripsy

Ureteral ectopia is the most important cause for urinary incontinence in the young female dog. There is a wide range within the degree of incontinence caused by this congenital anomaly of the urinary system. Constant leakage of urine may be associated with regular urination, depending whether a single or both ureteral orifices are displaced caudally to the urinary bladder. In spite of the fact that both female and male dogs are affected the clinical symptoms are much more pronounced in females.